In NORCET Exam Medical Surgical is an important portion of the exam and most dynamic sections to cover and plays an indispensable role in facilitating the preparation. It is important for all Nursing Government Exam aspirants to prepare this section thoroughly and spruce up their preparation to ace the NORCET exam with flying colors.
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. Pulsus Paradoxus is associated with pericardical tomponade, advanced heart failure and constrictive pericarditis.
2. ⇑ INR Values may indicate disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatitis, Vit. K deficiency salicylate intoxication or uncontrolled oral anti-coagulation.
3. The only artery that carry deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs called pulmonary artery.
4. The valve between right atrium and right ventricle called tricuspid valve (Right atrioventricular valve (which prevent backward flow of blood into right atrium).
5. Apical pulse is the most accurate pulse point in the body.
6. The sequence of CPR is CAB (Circulation airway, breathing).
7. Myocardium is the middle layer of heart and forms most of heart wall.
8. Pulmonic sound can be ascultated at the left 2nd I.C.S. (intercostal space) in the midclavicular line.
9. The pericardium surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
10. Pericardium has two layers: the Parietal and the visceral layer.
11. The most common symptoms of MI is chest pain resulting from deprivation of oxygen of heart.
12. The heart inner layer is called endocardium.
13. The myocardium has striated muscle fibres that cause the heart to contract.
14. Tricuspid valve abnormalities are heard at the 3rd & 4th Intercostal spaces along the sternal border.
15. Aortic valve malfunction is heard as a murmur.
16. Mitral valve abnormalities are heard at the 5th I.C.S. (intercostal space) in midclavicular line.
17. Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute called cardiac output.
18. Epinephrine, released by adrenal gland (located superior to kidney) increase HR.
19. SA node is known as the “pacemaker” of heart.
20. A myocardial infarction, if severe can cause heart failure.
21. Tricuspid valve is known as right atrioventricular valve.
22. The classical sign of left-sided heart failure is crackles in the lungs.
23. Cardiomyopathy is usually identified as a symptom of left-sided heart failure.
24. Normal sinus rhythm and sinus arrhythmia produce normal PR intervals.
25. Pericarditis is exhibited by a feeling of fullness in the chest and auscultation of pericardial friction rub.
26. An increased QRS complex duration suggests bundle branch block.
27. A dilated aorta causes a murmer.
28. Afterload is known as the systematic vascular resistance.
29. Sharp pain and cool feet are symptoms of alternation in aterial blood flow.
30. Varicose veins occur most commonly in the saphenous veins of the lower extremities.
31. Edema and pigmentation are signs and symptoms of varicose veins.
32. Dyspnea, chest pain and diminished breath sound in case of pulmonary embolism.
33. Hemothorax is the collection of blood in the pleural space.
34. Pneumothorax in which presence of air between lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of lung.
35. A embolus is a blood clot or fatty globule that forms in one area of the body and is carried through blood stream to another area.
36. Deep vein thrombosis is associated with deep leg pain of sudden onset.
37. Classic sign of acute pulmonary edema include production of pink frothy sputum.
38. Pulmonary edema is a life threatening complication of heart failure.
39. Preload is the stretching of muscle fibres in the ventricles as the ventricles fill with blood.
40. Conduction is the ability of a cell to contract after receiving a stimulus.
41. Purkinje fibre have firing rate of 20-40 beats per minute.
42. The most common symptom of hypertension is headache.
43. A decreased in cerebral blood flow causes restlessness, agitation or confusion.
44. HR, B.P and decreased cerebral blood flow are less useful in detecting the risk of cardiogenic shock.
45. Coronary artery bypass grafting is a surgical intervention of atherosclerotic vessels.
46. Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening emergency.
47. Cardiac arrhythmias are not directly linked to an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
48. HTN is linked to more than 50% of clients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.
49. Normal PCO2 – 35-45 mmHg
50. Normal PaO2 – 75-100 mmHg.